/'ʌndə(r); `ʌndɚ/
prep
1 in, to or through a position directly below (sth) 在（某物）下面; 到（某物）下面; 通过（某物）下面
*The cat was under the table. 那猫在桌子下面.
* Have you looked under the bed? 你看过床底下了吗?
* Let's shelter under the trees. 咱们在树下避一避吧.
* He threw himself under a bus. 他扑到一辆公共汽车底下去了.
* The water flows under the bridge. 水在桥下流过.
* (fig 比喻) What sign of the Zodiac were you born under? 你是属什么星座的? Cf 参看 over2 1, 2.
2 below the surface of (sth); covered by 低于（某物）的 表面; 被（某物）遮蔽着
*Most of the iceberg is under the water. 冰山的大部分在水面以下.
* Under the mountain there is a network of caves. 这座山里有许多相通的洞穴.
* She crept in beside him under the bedclothes. 她钻进被窝, 躺在他身旁.
* She pushed all her hair under a headscarf. 她把头发都让头巾罩住.
3 in or to a position next to and lower than (sth) 在（某物）下方; 到（某物）下方
*under the castle wall 在城墙下
* a village under the hill 山脚下的村庄.
4 (a) younger than (a specified age) 比（某年龄）小; 在（某年龄）以下
*Many children under
5 go to nursery school. 5岁以下的许多儿童都上幼儿园.
* It's forbidden to sell tobacco to children under 16. 禁止向16岁以下的儿童出售烟草.
* If you are under
26 you can buy cheap rail tickets. 未满26岁者可购买廉价火车票.
(b) less than (a specified amount, distance or time) 少于（某一数目、距离或时间）
*Anyone with an annual income of under
5000 may be eligible to apply. 凡年收入在5000英镑以下者均可申请.
* It's under a mile from here to the post office. 此处距邮局不足一英里.
* It tookus under an hour. 我们用了不到一个小时. Cf 参看 over2 5.5 (a) lower in rank than (sb); responsible to the authority of 级别低于（某人）; 隶属于...; 听命于...
*No one under the rank of captain may enter the room. 级别低于上尉者禁止入内.
* She has a staff of
19 working under her. 她手下有19名工作人员.
(b) governed or led by (sb) 在（某人）统治或领导下
*Britain under Cromwell, Thatcher, the monarchy 在克伦威尔、撒切尔、君主制治下的英国
* Under its new conductor, the errorism Act. 根据防止恐怖活动法案, 拘留了六名疑犯.
* Under the terms of the lease you had no right to sublet the property. 根据租约规定, 你无权转租物业.
6 carrying (a specified burden) 承受（某种负荷）
*She was struggling under the weight of three suitcases. 她提着三个箱子, 步履维艰.
* (fml 文) It was difficult to behave naturally under the burden of knowing the truth. 了解了真相, 在此压力下自难行之若素.
7 (a) being in a state of (sth) 在（某事物）的状况中
*buildings under repair/construction, ie being repaired/built 在修缮[建造]中的建筑物
* matters under consideration, discussion,etc 正在考虑、讨论等中的问题.
(b) being affected by (sb/sth) 在（某人[某事物]）影响下
*He's very much under the influence of the older boys. 那些比他大的男孩对他影响很大.
* You'll be under (an) anaesthetic, so you won't feel a thing. 给你施麻醉後, 你就什么也感觉不到了.
8 (a) using (a particular name) 使用（某名称）
*open a bank account under a false name 用假名字在银行开户
* write a novel under the pseudonym of Colin Kettle 用笔名科林·凯特尔写小说.
(b) classified as (sth) 被分类为（某事物）
*If it's not under sport, try looking under biography. 要是在运动类中查不到, 可以查查传记类.
9 being planted with (sth) 种植着（某物）
*fields under wheat 种着小麦的田地.

adv
1 under water 在水下
*If you take a deep breath you can stay under for more than a minute. 只要深吸一口气就能在水里待上一分多钟.
* The ship went under (ie sank) on its first voyage. 那条船在首次航行时就沉没了.
2 without consciousness 无知觉; 失去知觉
*She felt herself going under. 她感到渐渐失去了知觉.

adj [attrib 作定语] lower; situated underneath 较低的; 在下面的
*the under layers 下层
* under surface 底面.

prep, adv

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1【below】
2【less than】
3【having something done to it】
4【affected by something】
5 under ... conditions/circumstances
6【law/agreement】
7【in power】
8【position at work】
9【where information is】
10【different name】

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[Language: Old English;]
【BELOW】
below or at a lower level than something, or covered by something
≠ over
　Wendy had hidden the box under her bed.
　We sailed under the Golden Gate Bridge.
　Write your name under your picture.
　I could see something glittering under the water.
　He was wearing a jacket under his coat.
　Under her arm, she carried a large portfolio.
　In summer, we often slept under the stars.
　I'd scare my mom by diving in and staying under (=staying under the water) for as long as I could.
　The bench collapsed under the weight of (=unable to support the weight of) so many people.
【LESS THAN】
less than a particular number, amount, age, or price
≠ over
　These toys are not suitable for children under five.
　Most of the events listed cost under £60.
　I spend just under four hours a day seeing customers.
and/or under
　Children aged twelve or under must be accompanied by an adult.
be under age
(=be too young to legally drink, have sex etc)
【HAVING SOMETHING DONE TO IT】
used to say what is being done to something or how it is being dealt with
under discussion/consideration/review etc
　The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion (=being discussed, considered etc) .
　All categories of expenditure are under review.
　Four new power stations are currently under construction.
　The port was coming under attack from enemy warships.
【AFFECTED BY SOMETHING】
affected by a particular condition, influence, or situation
　She's been under a lot of pressure at work.
under the influence of alcohol/drink/drugs etc
　He was accused of driving while under the influence of alcohol.
　The operation was carried out while she was under general anaesthetic.
　I'm glad to see that you have everything under control .
　Two of our national parks are currently under threat from road schemes.
　The doctor injected something into my arm and I immediately felt myself going under (=becoming unconscious) .
under ... conditions/circumstances
if something happens under particular conditions, it happens when those conditions exist
　I wish I'd met him under different circumstances.
　The system operates well under normal conditions.
【LAW/AGREEMENT】
according to a particular agreement, law etc
　the question of whether the trade is illegal under international law
　Under the terms of the agreement, the debt will be repaid over a 20-year period.
【IN POWER】
if something happens under a particular leader, government etc, it happens when they are in power
　a program initiated under President Clinton and continued under President Bush
　Under her leadership, the magazine's circulation doubled in less than a year.
　Would it have been different under a Labour government?
【POSITION AT WORK】
if you work under someone, they have a higher position in the company, organization etc than you, and they help to direct your work
　She had a total staff of 10 working under her.
　From 1847 to 1851 he served under Captain John Randolph Stokes.
　At Cambridge he studied under (=was a student of) F.R. Leavis.
【WHERE INFORMATION IS】
used to say in which part of a book, list, or system particular information can be found
be/be filed/be listed etc under
　The baby's records are filed under the mother's last name.
【DIFFERENT NAME】
if you write or do something under a particular name, you do it using that name instead of your real name
　He made a few records under the name of Joe Ritchie.

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WORD CHOICE: under, underneath, below, beneath
Under is the usual way to say that one thing is at a lower level than another, or is covered by it : Your shoes are under the table. |He lay under a blanket.
Under is nearly always used as a preposition (followed by a noun).
Underneath has a similar meaning to under , and is used especially when something is hidden or covered : a box underneath the floorboards
It can also be used as an adverb : She lifted the cover and peeped underneath.
Below is used when one thing is at a much lower level than another, and can be a preposition or an adverb : the apartment below ours |Mist lay in the valley below.
Beneath can be used in the same ways as under and below , but is a more literary or formal word : beneath the silvery moon | the cliff, and the ocean beneath

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