45 某些副词之后的倒装

 

某些副词和副词短语,主要是一些含有限定或否定意义的副词和副词短语,为了表示强调可放在句首,这时后面应跟动词的倒装(即疑问)形式。这类副词或副词短语中最重要的有:

hardly ever(参见第38AC。)

on no account

hardlywhen(参见第342E。)

only by

in no circumstances

only in this way

neither/nor(参见第112D。)

only then/when

never

scarcely ever

no soonerthan(参见第342E。)

scarcelywhen

not only

seldom

not till

so(参见第112A。)

nowhere(参见第36B。)

例句如:

I havent got a ticket

Neither/Nor have I

―我没有票。

―我也没有。

I had never before been asked to accept a bribe.相当于:

Never before had I been asked to accept a bribe

以前从来没有人试图向我行贿。

They not only rob youthey smash everything too.相当于:

Not only do they rob youthey smash everything too

他们不仅抢劫你,而且砸烂所有的东西。

He didnt realize that he had lost it till he got home.相当于:

Not till he got home did he realize that he had lost it

一直到了家,他才发觉那东西丢了。

This switch must not be touched on any account.相当于:

On no account must this switch be touched

这个开关严禁触摸。

He was able to make himself heard only by shouting.相当于:

Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard

他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。

He became so suspicious that…相当于:

So suspicious did he become that

他变得这样疑心,以致……

注意:在一个句子中,第二个否定动词有时可以用nor来表达,并跟倒装语序:

He had no money and didnt know anyone he could borrow from

He had no moneynor did he know anyone he could borrow from

他身无分文,也不认识任何可以借钱的人。(neither在这儿不太常用。)(关于副词和副词短语后跟动词的倒装语序和作主语的名词的情况,如Up went the rocket<火箭直升飞起> By the door stoodan armed guard<门口站着一名手持武器的士兵>,参见第36CEF。)