67 it的用法

 

A it通常用来代替事物或指代我们不知道其性别的动物,有时也用来指代婴儿或较年幼的小孩:

Where is my mapI left it on the table

我的地图哪里去了?我把它留在桌子上了。

Look at that birdIt always comes to my window

看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。

Her new baby is tinyIt only weights 2 kilos

她刚生出的孩子特别小。只有两公斤重。

B在下列句子中it可以用于指代人:

Annon phone):Who is that?/Who is it

安(在打电话):你是谁啊?

BillIts me

比尔:是我。

Is that Tom over there

Noits Peter

―是汤姆在那里吗?

―不,是彼得。

C it用于表示时间、距离、天气、温度和潮水的说法中:

What time is it

It is six

―现在几点了?

6点了。

Whats the date

Its the third of March

―今天是几月几号?

―今天是33日。

How far is it to York

It is 400 kilometres

How long does it take to get there

It depends on how you go

―到约克有多远?

400公里。

―到那里需要多少时间?

―这要看你怎么走。

Its rainingsnowingfreezing

下雨了/下雪了/要结冰了。

Its frosty.有霜冻。

It is a fine night

今晚很晴朗。

Its full moon tonight

今晚月圆。

In winter itsit is dark at six oclock

冬天6点钟天就黑了。

It is hotcoldquietnoisy in this room

这个房间里特别热/冷/安静/吵闹。

Its high tidelow tide

涨潮了/落潮了。

注意下列句子:

ItsIt is three years since I saw him

相当于:I havent seen him for three years

我已经有三年没见到他了。(参见第188节。)

(关于it is time+主语+过去时态,另参见第293节。)

D先行主语it

1 it可以引导下列类型的句子(分裂句):

It was 'Peter who lent us the money

是彼得借了钱给我们。(不是保罗)

Its 'today that hes going

他是今天走。(不是明天)

这种it甚至可以与复数名词连用:

Its 'pilots that we neednot ground staff

我们需要的是飞行员,不是地勤人员。(参见第76节。)

2如不定式是句子主语,通常把it置于句首而把不定式放在后面:

It is easy to criticize

批评是容易的。

而不说:

To criticize is easy

又如:

It is better to be early

宁早勿晚。

而不说:

To be early is better

It seems a pity to give up now

现在放弃好像很遗憾。

而不说:

To give up now seems a pity

如果将itbe置于findthinkthat)之后,通常bethat可省略:

He thoughtthatitwould bebetter to say nothing

他认为不说话为妙。

We found it impossible to get visas

我们发现不可能拿到签证。

3在句子的主语是从句的情况下可以用it。以下的用法是可以的:

That he hasnt phoned is odd

令人感到奇怪的是他没打电话。

That prices will go up is certain

价格肯定要上涨。

但是我们通常这样说:

Its odd that he hasnt phoned

Its certain that prices will go up

其他用法:

It never occurred to me that perhaps he was lying

我从没想到过他可能是在说谎。

lt struck me that everyone was unusually silent

大家都异乎寻常地沉默使我感到吃惊。

Eitthis可代表句中前面提到过的短语、从句或动词:

He smokes in bedthough I dont like it.(ithis smoking in bed

他躺在床上抽烟,尽管我不喜欢他这样。

He suggested flyingbut I thought it would cost too much.(it=flying

他建议坐飞机去,可我认为这样花费太大。

F it还可以充当非人称动词的主语:

it seems似乎,看起来好像

it appears似乎,看来

it looks显得,好像

it happens碰巧,偶然