79指人的非限定性关系从句

 

A主语

只能用who。注意逗号:

My neighbourwho is very pessimisticsays there will be no apples this year

我的邻居极为悲观,他说今年苹果将不会有收成。

Peterwho had been driving all daysuggested stopping at the next town

彼得开了整整一天车,他建议在下一个城镇停留。

这一类紧接在句子的主语之后的从句主要见于书面英语。在

口语里常常这么说:

My neighbour is very pessimistic and says

我的邻居很悲观,并说……

Peter had been driving all daysoand he suggested

彼得开了整整一天车,因此他建议……

但位于句中较后部分的从句,即在主要动词的宾语之后的从句,在口语中是相当普遍的:

Ive invited Annwho lives in the next flat

我已经邀请了安,她就住在隔壁的套房里。

从句跟在介词+名词之后也较为普遍:

I passed the letter to Peterwho was sitting beside me

我把信递给了彼得,他就坐在我旁边。

B动词的宾语

whomwho

这类宾格代词在句中不能省略。尽管有时在日常口语中用

who作宾格关系代词,但正确的形式应是whom

Peterwhom everyone suspectedturned out to be innocent

彼得,大家都怀疑他,结果证明是无罪的。

如上所示,在这个位置的非限定性关系从句在口语中是不常用的。通常很可能这么说:

Everyone suspected Peterbut he turned out to be innocent

大家都怀疑彼得,但结果证明他是无罪的。

但在口语中常见到非限定性关系从句出现在句中较后的位置,即在主要动词的宾语之后或介词+名词之后:

She wanted Tomwhom she likedas a partnerbut she got Jackwhom she didnt like.

她想要她所喜欢的汤姆作为伴侣,可是却得到了她所不喜欢的杰克。

She introduced me to her husbandwhom I hadnt met before

她把我介绍给她丈夫,我以前没见过他。

C 介词的宾语

whom

这个代词在句中不能省略,介词常常位于它之前:

Mr Jonesfor whom I was workingwas very generous about overtime payments

琼斯先生,我当时给干活的那位,常是很慷慨地付给加班加点的报酬。

然而把介词移到从句之后也是可以的。这在口语中是非常普

遍的,此时who往往取代whom

Mr Joneswho/whom I was working for,…

如果从句中含有一个表示时间或地点的短语,该短语要留在

从句之末:

Peterwith whom I played tennis on Sundayswas fitter than me

彼得,星期天我常跟打网球的那位,身体比我健康。

这个句子可改为:

Peterwho/whom I played tennis with on Sundayswas fitter than me

D 所有格

whose

Annwhose children are at school all dayis trying to get a job

安的孩子们整天都在学校,所以她在想办法找份工作。

This is Georgewhose class you will be taking

这一位是乔治,你就要接他的课。

在口语中,很可能这么说:

Anns children are at school all dayso she

This is GeorgeYou will be taking his class