90 表示时间和日期的介词:atonbybeforein

 

A aton

at来表示在某一时刻:

at dawn在黎明

at six6点钟

at midnight在午夜

at 430430

at来表示在……岁时:

at sixteen/at the age of sixteen 16岁的时候

She got married at seventeen.

17岁结婚。

on来表示在星期几/某日:

on Monday在星期一

on 4 June 6 4

on Christmas Day在圣诞节那一天

但以下的情况例外:

at night在晚上

at Christmas在圣诞节期间(不仅当天)

at Easter在复活节期间(不仅当天)

on the morning/afternooneveningnight of a certain date在某一具体日期的早上/下午/傍晚/夜里

We arrived on the morning of the sixth

我们在6号早上到达。

当然也可以说:

thisnext Monday在这个/下个星期一

any Monday在任何一个星期一

one Monday在某个星期一

B bybefore

by a timedateperiodat that time or beforenot later than that date

在那一时刻或在那一日期或不迟于那一日期

这种表示方法常暗指在那一时刻或日期之前:

The train starts at 610so you had better be at the station by 610.

火车610分发车,所以你最好在610分之前到达火车站。

bya time常常和完成时态连用,尤其与将来完成时态连用(参见第216节):

By the end of July Ill have read all those books

7月底我将已把那些书全读完了。

before可作介词、连词或副词:

Before signing this

在签署这个之前……(介词)

Before you sign this

在你签署这个之前……(连词)

Ive seen him somewhere before.

我以前在什么地方见到过他。(副词)

(参见第195B与第342节。)

C on timein timein good time

on time(按时,准时,既不在此时以前也不迟于此时):

The 815 train started on time.

815分的火车按时发车。相当于:

It started at 815.

火车在点15分正点发车。

in timein time for+名词)(及时,不迟于……);in good time for)(留有充足的时间):

Passengers should be in time for their train

旅客们要乘坐火车时应当早点到。

I arrived at the concert hall in good timefor the concert).

我及时到达了音乐厅。(也许音乐会7点半开始,而我在715分就到了)。

D on arrivalon arrivingon reachingon getting to

On arrivalon arrivinghe…相当于:

When he arrives/arrivedhe

在他到达时,他……

同理,on也可以与其他某些动词(主要是表示沟通思想的动词)连用:

On checkingshe found that some of the party didnt know the way

经核查,她发现这一组人中有些不认得路。

On hearingHearing that the plane had been divertedthey left the air- port.

一听到飞机已经改飞别的机场,他们就离开了机场。

后面一句中的on可以省略。(参见第277节。)

E at the beginningendin the beginningendat firstat lastat the beginningof…)(在……的开头)/at the endof…)(在……的最后,照其字面的含义表示在开头/最后):

At the beginning of a book there is often a table of contents

在一本书的开头常常有个目录。

At the end there may be an index.

结尾处可能有索引。

in the beginningat first=in the early stages在当初/最初)暗示着以后有所变化。

In the beginningAt first we used hand toolsLater we had machines.

当初/最初我们用手工工具,后来我们有了机器。

in the endat last=eventuallyafter some time最后/终于/后来):

At first he opposed the marriagebut in the end he gave his consent.

最初他反对这桩婚事,但最终还是同意了。