241 作宾语和作表语

 

A 后面直接跟动词不定式的动词

agree**             be determined**     pretend

aim                      endeavour                  proceed

appearfail          promise

arrange**          forget                    prove

ask**               guarantee               refuse

attempt                 happen                   remember

bother(否定)    hesitate                      resolve**

care(否定)       hope                         seem

choose                 learn                     swear

claim**             long                          tend

condescend          manage                     threaten

consent                neglect                      trouble(否定)

decide**           offer                         try=attempt

decline                 plan                          undertake

demand**         prepare                      volunteer

determine**      be prepared                vow

参见D

** 参见F

助动词

be              dare          have              must         ought      will

can            do             may              need          zhall used

(关于动词后接宾语+不定式,参见第244节。关于动词后接不定式或动名词,参见第二十五章。)

B 后面也可接不定式的短语

be about

be able+afford

do ones best

do what one can

make anevery effort

make up ones mind*(=decide

itoccur+to+宾语(否定式或疑问式)

set out

take the trouble

turn out*(=prove to be

参见D

C AB的例句

She agreed to pay 50

她同意付50英镑。

Two men failed to return from the expedition

探险队有两个人未能返回。

I managed to put the fire out

我好歹把火扑灭了。

They are preparing(= getting ready to evacuate the area

他们正准备从这一地区撤离。

We are not prepared(=willing to wait any longer

我们不准备再等了。

The tenants refused to leave

房客拒绝搬出。

Prices always tend to go up

物价总是趋于上涨。

She volunteered to help with Meals on Wheels

她自愿帮助给老、弱、病、残送饭上门。

He is just about to leave

他正要离开。(参见第114C。)

We cant afford to live in the centre

在市中心生活,费用我们负担不起。

He didn t bothertrouble to answer personally

他嫌麻烦不愿亲自回答。

与上面相反的例子:

He took the trouble to answer personally

他不嫌麻烦亲自回答。

D 上面标有星号的词或短语也可以与that从句连用(参见第346节):

I promise to wait.相当于:

I promise that I will wait

我答应等候。

He pretended to be angry.相当于:

He pretended that he was angry

他假装生气。

occur to+宾语+ that用于肯定式、否定式和疑问式。注意这个结构跟occur+不定式在意义上的区别:

It didnt occur to me to ask him for proof of his identity

我没有想到向他要身份证明。(我没有想到要这样做。)

It occurred to me that he was trying to conceal something

我突然想到他是在想法隐瞒什么。(这念头出现在我的脑中。)

appear happen seem turn out that结构连用时,要求用 it 作句子的先行主语:

It turned out that his country cottage was an enormous bungalow

他的“乡下的小房”原来是一座极大的平房。

请与不定式结构比较一下:

His country cottage turned out to be an enormous bungalow.(译文同上。)

E 但动词+不定式结构的意思并不一定与同一动词+ that从句结构的意思相同。在learnforgetoccur(参见上面D)和remember后面,这两种结构的意思不同:

He learnt to look after himself

他学会照料自己。

He learnt(=was told that it would cost 100

他听说那会花去100英镑。

He forgot to leave the car keys on the table

他忘了把汽车钥匙留在桌上。(他没有留下。)

He forgot that his brother wanted to use the car

他忘了他的兄弟要用汽车。

remember后面的两种结构同样可以有不同的意思。

agreedecide+不定式表示意图。

agree that 表示同意一种观点。

decide that 表示一种结论或决定,但并不一定会将之付诸行动。

F 上面带两个星号的动词后面可接不定式,也可接that should结构。thatshould结构在被动语态中尤其常用(参见第302节):

They decidedagreed to divide the profits equally

他们决定/同意平均分配利润。

They decided that the profits should be divided equally

他们决定利润平分。

I arranged to meetfor Tom to meet them

我安排去接/安排汤姆去接他们。

I arranged that Tom should meet them

我安排好叫汤姆去接他们。

I arranged that they should be met

我安排人去接他们。

G 不定式的进行式常常用在appearhappenpretendseem等动词之后:

I happened to be looking out of the window when they arrived

他们到达时我碰巧正向窗外望去。

He seems to be following us

他似乎在跟着我们。

不定式的进行式也可用在 agree arrange decide determine hope manage plan之后和助动词之后。(参见第254节。)

H 不定式的完成式可以用在appearhopepretendseem等之后和助动词之后。(参见第255节。)