be
美音:[bi:
]
英音:[bi:
]
prep.是,在,存在 [域] Belgium ,比利时 [军] Base Ejection,弹底喷射 symb 铍 Be(beryllium)
难易程度:
be为六级词汇
词频:2
近义词, 同义词
existence being entity subsistence reality actuality fact matter of fact sober reality truth actual existence presence coexistence essence inmost nature inner reality vital principle ontology occur take place prevail find oneself pass the timeconsist of lie in be comprised in be contained in be constituted by come into existence arise begin come forth become bring into existence abide continue endure last remain stay
单词用法:
be是一个多功能动词，在初级英语里可见四种用法：
功能一，系动词be
be为连系动词，中心词义是"是"，句型为 "主＋系＋表"结构。be的形式常用am, is, are(现在式)；was, were(过去式)；will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词＋原形)；have/has/had been(助动词＋过去分词)等。如：
To help animals is helping people.(一般现在时)
The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时)
It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时)
She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)
功能二，助动词be
助动词be，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下：
1. be+doing：构成进行时态，有现在和过去两种进行时态。如：
The girls is reading and copying the new words now.
Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.
2. be+done：构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词)。如：
Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态)
This building was built three years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态)
Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态)
How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情态动词的被动语态)
That is a day never to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)
3. be+going to do，表示"打算或将要做某事"，be有现在和过去两种形式。如：
We are going to plant trees in the park.
I didn't know if she was going to come here.
4. be+to do，表示"按计划安排将要做某事"。如：
The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.
One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.
功能三，there be
there be句式为：there be+主语部分＋状语部分，表示"某处存在某物"，be常用现在时，过去时和将来时等。如：
Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.
There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.
Will there be a football match in your school next week?
功能四，实义be
可以将be视为实义动词，因为它具有实际的词义，如"成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达"等。如：
His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.
Kate's birthday party will be at half past six this evening.
Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.
功能一，系动词be
be为连系动词，中心词义是"是"，句型为 "主＋系＋表"结构。be的形式常用am, is, are(现在式)；was, were(过去式)；will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词＋原形)；have/has/had been(助动词＋过去分词)等。如：
To help animals is helping people.(一般现在时)
The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时)
It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时)
She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)
功能二，助动词be
助动词be，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下：
1. be+doing：构成进行时态，有现在和过去两种进行时态。如：
The girls is reading and copying the new words now.
Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.
2. be+done：构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词)。如：
Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态)
This building was built three years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态)
Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态)
How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情态动词的被动语态)
That is a day never to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)
3. be+going to do，表示"打算或将要做某事"，be有现在和过去两种形式。如：
We are going to plant trees in the park.
I didn't know if she was going to come here.
4. be+to do，表示"按计划安排将要做某事"。如：
The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.
One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.
功能三，there be
there be句式为：there be+主语部分＋状语部分，表示"某处存在某物"，be常用现在时，过去时和将来时等。如：
Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.
There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.
Will there be a football match in your school next week?
功能四，实义be
可以将be视为实义动词，因为它具有实际的词义，如"成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达"等。如：
His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.
Kate's birthday party will be at half past six this evening.
Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.
be
/bɪ; bɪ; strong form 强读式 bi:; bi/
v =>Usage at be2 用法见be2.
1 (used after there and before a/an, no, some, etc+ n 用于there之後及a/an、no、some等+名词之前)
(a) exist; occur; live 有; 存在; 生存
*Is there a God? 有上帝吗?
* For there to be life there must be air and water. 一定要有空气和水才有生命.
* There are no easy answers. 现成的答案是没有的.
* There are many such people. 这样的人多的是.
* Once upon a time there was a princess. 从前有一个公主.
* There have been cows in that field since my grandfather's time. 从我祖父那时候起, 那片地上就养着牛.
(b) be present; stand 在; 在场
*There's a bus-stop down the road 路的前方有一个公共汽车站. (Cf 参看 The bus-stop is down the road.) There were no books on the shelf. 书架上没有书.
* There are some good photographs in this exhibition. 这一展览会上有些好照片.
2 (with an adv or a prepositional phrase indicating position in space or time 与表示地点或时间的副词或介词短语连用)
(a) be situated 位于; 处于
*The lamp is on the table. 灯在桌子上.
* The stable is a mile away. 马房距此一英里远.
* Mary's upstairs. 玛丽在楼上.
* John's out in the garden. 约翰在外面花园里.
* They are on holiday in the Lake District. 他们在英格兰湖区度假.
(b) happen; occur; take place 发生; 产生; 举行
*The party is after work. 聚会在下班後举行.
* The election was on Monday. 选举是在星期一进行的.
* The concert will be in the school hall. 音乐会将在学校的礼堂内举行.
* The meetings are on Tuesdays and Thursdays in the main hall. 会议在星期二和星期四于大礼堂举行.
(c) remain 停留; 逗留; 待
*She has been in her room for hours. 她在自己的房间里待了几个小时.
* They're here till Christmas. 他们在这里要一直逗留到圣诞节.
(d) attend; be present 出席; 到场
*Were you at church yesterday? 昨天你去过教堂吗?
* I'll be at the party. 我参加这个聚会.
3 (with an adv or a prepositional phrase indicating direction, a starting point, etc 与副词或介词短语连用表示方向、起点等) leave; arrive 离开; 到达
*I'll be on my way very soon. 我很快就要上路.
* She's from Italy, ie Her native country is Italy. 她是意大利人（她
/bɪ; bɪ; strong form 强读式 bi:; bi/
aux v =>Usage 见所附用法
1 (used with a past participle to form the passive 与过去分词连用构成被动语态)
*He was killed in the war. 他阵亡了.
* Where were they made? 这些东西是在哪里制造的?
* The thief was caught. 窃贼被捉住了.
* The house is/was being built. 那房屋正在[那时正在]建造.
* You will be severely punished if you do not obey. 你不服从, 就会受到严惩.
2 (used with present participles to form continuous tenses 与现在分词连用构成进行时态)
*They are/were reading. 他们正在[那时正在]阅读.
* I am studying Chinese. 我正在学习汉语.
* I shall be seeing him soon. 我不久就会见到他了.
* What have you been doing this week? 你这星期以来在干什么?
* I'm always being criticized. 我总是挨批.
3 (with to + infinitive 与to+不定式连用)
(a) (expressing duty, necessity, etc 表示责任、需要等)
*I am to (ie I have been told to) inform you that... 我有义务（我受人之托）通知你...
* You are to report (ie must, should report) to the police. 你应该报警.
(b) (expressing arrangement, intention or purpose 表示安排、意向或目的)
*They are to be married, ie will be married. 他们打算结婚.
* Each participant was to pay his own expenses. 每个参加者都必须自费.
* The telegram was to say that she'd be late. 电报说她可能晚到.
(c) (expressing possibility 表示可能性)
*The book was not to be (ie could not be) found. 那本书找不到了.
(d) (expressing destiny 表示注定)
*He was never to see his wife again, ie Although he did not know it at the time, he did not see her again. 他从那以後就再也见不到他的妻子了.
* The celebrations were not to be, ie They did not, in fact, take place. 庆祝活动结果未能举行.
(e) (only in the form were, expressing supposition 仅用were这一形式, 表示假设)
*If I were to tell you/Were I to tell you that I killed him, would you believe me? 假如我对你说是我杀死了他, 你相信吗?
* If it were to rain, we would have to cancel the match tomorrow. 假如下雨, 我们只好取消明天的比赛.
NOTE ON USAGE 用法
*Be is used as a main verb (be1) and as an auxiliary verb (be2). *be可用作主要动词 (be1), (be2). The various written and spoken forms are the same for both verbs 两者的各种书面语和口语形式均相同
*am (pres t with I)/ Em, m;m/, strong form/ m; Am/; written contraction I'm/ aIm; aIm/; negative question aren't I?/ 5B:ntaI; ?@ 5B:rEntaI; Brnt aI/. *am （现在时态与 I/ Em, m; m/, 强读式/m; Am/; 书写缩约式 I'm/ aIm; aIm/; 否定疑问式 aren't I?/ 5B:ntaI; 美式 5B:rEntaI; Brnt aI/. *is (pres t with he, she, it)/ s, z; s, z/, strong form/ Iz; Iz/; written contractions it's/ Its; Its/, Jack's/ dVks; dVAks/, he's/hi:z, hIz; hIz/, she's/ Fi:z, FIz; FIz/, the cow's/ TE kaUz; TE`kaJz/; negative isn't/ 5Iznt; `Iznt/. *is（现在时态与hesheit连用）/s, z; s, z/, 强读式/ Iz; Iz/; 书写缩约式it's/ Its; Its/, Jack's/ dVks; dVAks/, he's/ hi:z, hIz; hIz/,she's/ Fi:z, FIz; FIz/, the cow's/ TE kaUz; TE `kaJz/; 否定式 isn't/ 5Iznt; `Iznt/. *are (pres t with you, we, they)/E(r); L/ , strong form/ B:(r); Br/; written contractions we're/ wIE(r); wIr/, you're/ jUE(r), jR:(r); jJr/, they're/TeE(r); Ter/; negative aren't/ B:nt; ?@ 5B:rEnt; Brnt/. *are（现在时态与youwethey连用）/E(r); L/ , 强读式/ B:(r); Br/; 书写缩约式 we're/ wIE(r); wIr/, you're/jUE(r), jR:(r); jJr/, they're/ TeE(r); Ter/; 否定式 aren't/ B:nt; 美式 5B:rEnt; Brnt/. *was (pt with I, he, she, it)/wEz; wEz/, strong form/ wCz; ?@ wQz; wQz/; negative wasn't/ 5wCznt; ?@ 5wQznt; `wQznt/. *was （过去时态与Ihesheit连用）/wEz; wEz/, 强读式/ wCz; 美式 wQz; wQz/; 否定式 wasn't/ 5wCznt; 美式 5wQznt; `wQznt/.*were (pt with you, we, they)/ wE(r); wL/, strong form/w\:(r); w[/; negative weren't/ w\:nt; ?@ 5w\:rEnt; w[nt/.*were （过去时态与 you we they连用）/wE(r); wL/, 强读式/ w\:(r); w[/; 否定式 weren't/ w\:nt; 美式5w\:rEnt; w[nt/. *being (pres p)/ 5bi:IN; `biIN/. *being/ 5bi:IN; `biIN/. *been (pp)/ bi:n; ?@ also bIn; bIn/. *been（过去分词）/bi:n; 美式 bIn; bIn/.
v =>Usage at be2 用法见be2.
1 (used after there and before a/an, no, some, etc+ n 用于there之後及a/an、no、some等+名词之前)
(a) exist; occur; live 有; 存在; 生存
*Is there a God? 有上帝吗?
* For there to be life there must be air and water. 一定要有空气和水才有生命.
* There are no easy answers. 现成的答案是没有的.
* There are many such people. 这样的人多的是.
* Once upon a time there was a princess. 从前有一个公主.
* There have been cows in that field since my grandfather's time. 从我祖父那时候起, 那片地上就养着牛.
(b) be present; stand 在; 在场
*There's a bus-stop down the road 路的前方有一个公共汽车站. (Cf 参看 The bus-stop is down the road.) There were no books on the shelf. 书架上没有书.
* There are some good photographs in this exhibition. 这一展览会上有些好照片.
2 (with an adv or a prepositional phrase indicating position in space or time 与表示地点或时间的副词或介词短语连用)
(a) be situated 位于; 处于
*The lamp is on the table. 灯在桌子上.
* The stable is a mile away. 马房距此一英里远.
* Mary's upstairs. 玛丽在楼上.
* John's out in the garden. 约翰在外面花园里.
* They are on holiday in the Lake District. 他们在英格兰湖区度假.
(b) happen; occur; take place 发生; 产生; 举行
*The party is after work. 聚会在下班後举行.
* The election was on Monday. 选举是在星期一进行的.
* The concert will be in the school hall. 音乐会将在学校的礼堂内举行.
* The meetings are on Tuesdays and Thursdays in the main hall. 会议在星期二和星期四于大礼堂举行.
(c) remain 停留; 逗留; 待
*She has been in her room for hours. 她在自己的房间里待了几个小时.
* They're here till Christmas. 他们在这里要一直逗留到圣诞节.
(d) attend; be present 出席; 到场
*Were you at church yesterday? 昨天你去过教堂吗?
* I'll be at the party. 我参加这个聚会.
3 (with an adv or a prepositional phrase indicating direction, a starting point, etc 与副词或介词短语连用表示方向、起点等) leave; arrive 离开; 到达
*I'll be on my way very soon. 我很快就要上路.
* She's from Italy, ie Her native country is Italy. 她是意大利人（她
/bɪ; bɪ; strong form 强读式 bi:; bi/
aux v =>Usage 见所附用法
1 (used with a past participle to form the passive 与过去分词连用构成被动语态)
*He was killed in the war. 他阵亡了.
* Where were they made? 这些东西是在哪里制造的?
* The thief was caught. 窃贼被捉住了.
* The house is/was being built. 那房屋正在[那时正在]建造.
* You will be severely punished if you do not obey. 你不服从, 就会受到严惩.
2 (used with present participles to form continuous tenses 与现在分词连用构成进行时态)
*They are/were reading. 他们正在[那时正在]阅读.
* I am studying Chinese. 我正在学习汉语.
* I shall be seeing him soon. 我不久就会见到他了.
* What have you been doing this week? 你这星期以来在干什么?
* I'm always being criticized. 我总是挨批.
3 (with to + infinitive 与to+不定式连用)
(a) (expressing duty, necessity, etc 表示责任、需要等)
*I am to (ie I have been told to) inform you that... 我有义务（我受人之托）通知你...
* You are to report (ie must, should report) to the police. 你应该报警.
(b) (expressing arrangement, intention or purpose 表示安排、意向或目的)
*They are to be married, ie will be married. 他们打算结婚.
* Each participant was to pay his own expenses. 每个参加者都必须自费.
* The telegram was to say that she'd be late. 电报说她可能晚到.
(c) (expressing possibility 表示可能性)
*The book was not to be (ie could not be) found. 那本书找不到了.
(d) (expressing destiny 表示注定)
*He was never to see his wife again, ie Although he did not know it at the time, he did not see her again. 他从那以後就再也见不到他的妻子了.
* The celebrations were not to be, ie They did not, in fact, take place. 庆祝活动结果未能举行.
(e) (only in the form were, expressing supposition 仅用were这一形式, 表示假设)
*If I were to tell you/Were I to tell you that I killed him, would you believe me? 假如我对你说是我杀死了他, 你相信吗?
* If it were to rain, we would have to cancel the match tomorrow. 假如下雨, 我们只好取消明天的比赛.
NOTE ON USAGE 用法
*Be is used as a main verb (be1) and as an auxiliary verb (be2). *be可用作主要动词 (be1), (be2). The various written and spoken forms are the same for both verbs 两者的各种书面语和口语形式均相同
*am (pres t with I)/ Em, m;m/, strong form/ m; Am/; written contraction I'm/ aIm; aIm/; negative question aren't I?/ 5B:ntaI; ?@ 5B:rEntaI; Brnt aI/. *am （现在时态与 I/ Em, m; m/, 强读式/m; Am/; 书写缩约式 I'm/ aIm; aIm/; 否定疑问式 aren't I?/ 5B:ntaI; 美式 5B:rEntaI; Brnt aI/. *is (pres t with he, she, it)/ s, z; s, z/, strong form/ Iz; Iz/; written contractions it's/ Its; Its/, Jack's/ dVks; dVAks/, he's/hi:z, hIz; hIz/, she's/ Fi:z, FIz; FIz/, the cow's/ TE kaUz; TE`kaJz/; negative isn't/ 5Iznt; `Iznt/. *is（现在时态与hesheit连用）/s, z; s, z/, 强读式/ Iz; Iz/; 书写缩约式it's/ Its; Its/, Jack's/ dVks; dVAks/, he's/ hi:z, hIz; hIz/,she's/ Fi:z, FIz; FIz/, the cow's/ TE kaUz; TE `kaJz/; 否定式 isn't/ 5Iznt; `Iznt/. *are (pres t with you, we, they)/E(r); L/ , strong form/ B:(r); Br/; written contractions we're/ wIE(r); wIr/, you're/ jUE(r), jR:(r); jJr/, they're/TeE(r); Ter/; negative aren't/ B:nt; ?@ 5B:rEnt; Brnt/. *are（现在时态与youwethey连用）/E(r); L/ , 强读式/ B:(r); Br/; 书写缩约式 we're/ wIE(r); wIr/, you're/jUE(r), jR:(r); jJr/, they're/ TeE(r); Ter/; 否定式 aren't/ B:nt; 美式 5B:rEnt; Brnt/. *was (pt with I, he, she, it)/wEz; wEz/, strong form/ wCz; ?@ wQz; wQz/; negative wasn't/ 5wCznt; ?@ 5wQznt; `wQznt/. *was （过去时态与Ihesheit连用）/wEz; wEz/, 强读式/ wCz; 美式 wQz; wQz/; 否定式 wasn't/ 5wCznt; 美式 5wQznt; `wQznt/.*were (pt with you, we, they)/ wE(r); wL/, strong form/w\:(r); w[/; negative weren't/ w\:nt; ?@ 5w\:rEnt; w[nt/.*were （过去时态与 you we they连用）/wE(r); wL/, 强读式/ w\:(r); w[/; 否定式 weren't/ w\:nt; 美式5w\:rEnt; w[nt/. *being (pres p)/ 5bi:IN; `biIN/. *being/ 5bi:IN; `biIN/. *been (pp)/ bi:n; ?@ also bIn; bIn/. *been（过去分词）/bi:n; 美式 bIn; bIn/.
be
James Abbe (July 17, 1883 – November 11, 1973)"Abbe, James." Grove Art Online.
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