/'pi:nəlaɪz; `pinl,aɪz/
v
1 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sb (for sth) punish sb for breaking a rule or law, esp (in games and sports) by giving an advantage to his opponent （因犯规或违法）处罚某人; （尤指比赛中）判罚
*People who drive when they are drunk should be heavily penalized. 对酒醉开车者应予重罚.
* He was penalized for a foul on the striker, eg A free kick was awarded to the striker's team. 他因对前锋犯规而受罚（如对方球队获踢任意球）.
2 [Tn] put (sb) at a disadvantage; handicap (sb) unfairly 使（某人）处不利地位; 不正当地妨碍（某人）
*The new law penalizes the poorest members of society. 新法规对社会中最贫困者不 利.
3 [Tn] make (sth) punishable by law 使（某事）可以刑法论处.

v [T]
to punish someone or treat them unfairly
penalize sb for (doing) sth
　Two students were penalized very differently for the same offence.
　Women feel professionally penalized for taking time off to raise children.
to punish a team or player in sports by giving an advantage to the other team
　The team was penalized for wasting time.