1. The letters on the monument had been incised with a chisel.
    纪念碑上的字是以凿子刻成的。

2. This I did by mere mallet and chisel, and by hard labour, till I had a very handsome boat.
    干这些活时，我只有槌子和凿子，劳动非常艰苦。最后，一艘漂亮的船造成了。