1. Many operations which today are quite straightforward and from which patients recover quickly, such as removing an appendix, would never have been attempted at all, and the victim would probably have died without anyone really knowing why.
    有许多今天很好做而且手术后病人可以很快康复的像切除阑尾一类的手术在当时根本不会有人去尝试。病人可能死了，而没有人知道病因何在，