1. "Neither its pipes nor its theories will hold water," he warns. He might have gone a step further and called for respect for both our economists and our trashmen; otherwise, they'll both leave garbage behind.
    他警告说，“这个社会的管道和理论都会出问题。”他也许还应进一步要求人们既尊重经济学家又尊重垃圾工；不然的话，他们都会在身后留下垃圾。

2. As a contrast, we may consider a famous story: the discovery by Henri Poincare, the great French mathematician, of a new mathematical method called the Fuchsian functions.
    与之相对的是另一件众人皆知的事情：那就是法国伟大的数学家亨利·庞加莱发现被称为富克斯函数的数学新方法的故事。

3. After the war, a character called Uncle Sam began appearing in political cartoons, his form evolving from an earlier cartoon character called Brother Jonathan that was popular during the American Revolution.
    战后，政治漫画里开始出现了一个名叫"山姆大叔"的人物。他的原型是一个早期漫画人物，名叫乔纳森大哥，此人在美国独立战争时期非常出名。

4. "Mom" is not right, because the woman or women who supplied the egg and gave birth to the infant would more appropriately be called Mother.
    称呼"妈妈"不正确，因为提供卵子并生下婴孩的女子才更有资格被称为母亲。

5. After winning her council seat, she declined a spot on the education and social services committee after a colleague called it "a woman's committee".
    在赢得市议会席位之后，她拒绝了被同事称为"女人委员会"的教育及社会服务委员会的职位，

6. About a week after our trip, the chairman told me the Chinese executive had called to express great satisfaction with the trip.
    此行之后的一周，主席告诉我，那位中国经理来电话说他对旅程非常满意。

7. "It was called Operation Match (匹配行动)," says a privacy expert, "and it matched databases of people who owed money to the government with other databases of people who received money from the government.
    一位隐私权方面的专家说："这被称作'匹配行动', 它将那些欠有政府款项的人的数据库与那些从政府获得款项的人的数据库一一对应。

8. She prefers to be called chairwoman.
    她喜欢被称为女主席。

9. She is called Jane.
    她叫珍妮。

10. She told Aqiao that these white worms were called silkworms and the leaves they ate were called mulberry leaves .
    她告诉阿巧, 这些雪白的虫子叫做蚕, 它们吃的叶子叫桑叶.