/els; ɛls/
adv
1 (with indefinite, interrogative or negative prons and advs 与不定代词、疑问代词或否定代词或副词连用) in addition to or apart from (that already mentioned) 除（已提到的）以外; 另外; 其他
*Did you see anybody else, ie any other person(s)? 你见到其他人了吗?
* Have you anything else to do? 你还有别的事做吗?
* Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧.
* That must be somebody else's (ie some other person's) coat; it isn't mine. 那一定是别人的外衣, 不是我的.
* Nothing else (ie I want nothing more), thank you. 不要别的了, 谢谢你.
* We went to the cinema and nowhere else, ie to no other place. 我们去电影院了, 没到其他地方去.
* I've tried to phone her six times today; what else can I do? 我今天已给她打了六次电话, 都没接通, 我还能做什么呢?
* Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁?
* How else (ie In what other way) would you do it? 你做这件事还有别的办法吗?
* We have a bit of bread and little/not much else, ie not much more. 我们有一点面包, 没有什么别的了.
2 (idm 习语) or else
(a) otherwise; if not 否则; 要不然
*Run or else you'll be late. 快跑, 不然你要迟到了.
* He must be joking or else he's mad. 他准是开玩笑, 要不就是疯了.
(b) (infml 口) (used to express a threat or warning 用以表示威胁或警告)
*Give me the money or else! 把钱给我, 不然的话, 哼!

adv
[Language: Old English;Origin: elles]
[used after words beginning with 'some-', 'every-', 'any-', and 'no-', and after question words]a) besides or in addition to someone or something
　There's something else I'd like to talk about as well.
　I'd like you to come, and anyone else who's free.
　He was awake now, as was everyone else.
　Who else was at the party?
　'Two coffees, please.' 'Anything else?' 'No, thanks.'
　Above all else (=more than any other things) she was seeking love.
b) used to talk about a different person, thing, place etc
　He went to live with another woman.
　I'd like to live anywhere else but here.
　If I can't trust you, who else can I trust?
or elsespoken
a) used to say that there will be a bad result if someone does not do something
　Hurry up or else we'll miss the train.
b) used to say what another possibility might be
　The salesman will reduce the price or else include free insurance.
c) used to threaten someone
　Hand over the money, or else!
see usage noteunless
BrE spoken used after a question word to say that the thing, person, or place you have mentioned is the only one possible
　'What are you doing?' 'Waiting for you, what else?'
what else can sb do/say?
spoken used to say that it is impossible to do or say anything apart from what has been mentioned
　'Will you really sell the house? ' 'What else can I do? I can't live here.'
→if nothing elseatnothing¹ (11)
→be sth elseatsomething