/ɪk'stɜ:nl; ɪk`stɝnl/
adj
1 (of or for the) outside; situated on the outside of sth (esp the body) 外面的; 为外面的; 位于某物（尤指身体）外表的
*for external use only, eg on a label on a skin cream 仅供外用（如皮肤膏的标记）
* All his injuries are external, ie He hasn't been injured inside the body. 他受的伤都是外伤.
2 coming from outside (a place, sb's mind, etc) 来自（某地、某人思想意识等）外部的
*a tribe hardly affected by external influences 几乎没受过外来影响的部落
* This news programme only covers external events, ie foreignnews. 这一新闻节目只报道国外消息. Cf 参看 internal.

n
1 [C] (infml 口) = external examiner.
2 externals [pl] (fml 文) outward features or appearances 外观; 外貌
*Do not judge people by externals alone. 不能仅以貌取人.
* the externals of religion, ie acts and ceremonies (contrasted with inner and spiritual aspects) 宗教的外在形式（宗教行为和仪式, 区别于内在的和精神的方面）.

adj

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1【outside part】
2【effect】
3【organization】
4【foreign】
5【independent】

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[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin;Origin: externus, from exter 'on the outside', from ex 'out']
【OUTSIDE PART】
relating to the outside of something or of a person's body
≠ internal
　the external appearance of the building
For external use only
(=written on medicines which must be put on your skin and not swallowed)
【EFFECT】
relating to your environment or situation, rather than to your own qualities, ideas etc
　Low birth weight may be caused by external factors , such as smoking during pregnancy.
　influences from the external environment
【ORGANIZATION】
coming from or happening outside a particular place or organization
≠ internal
　information from external sources
【FOREIGN】
relating to foreign countries
≠ internal
　China will not tolerate any external interference in its affairs.
external affairs/relations
　the Minister of External Affairs
【INDEPENDENT】
BrE coming from outside a particular school, university, or organization, and therefore independent
≠ internal
external examination/examiner
external auditors
(=someone from outside who looks at an organization's finances)
>externallyadv
　The job should be advertised internally and externally.