/gɔ:l; ˇɔl/
n [U]
1 bitter liquid secreted by the liver; bile 胆汁.
2 (fig 比喻) bitter feeling; hatred or resentment 怨恨; 怨愤
*words full of venom and gall 充满恶毒怨恨的话.
3 (infml fig 口, 比喻) impudence; impertinence 厚颜; 鲁莽
*Of all the gall! ie What impudence! 脸皮真厚!

/gɔ:l; ˇɔl/
n sore place on an animal, esp a horse, caused by rubbing (of a harness, etc) （动物的）伤痛处（尤指马具等磨擦造成的）.

v [Tn]
1 cause pain to (an animal, part of the body, etc) by rubbing; chafe 使（动物、身体某部等）擦痛, 擦伤.
2 annoy (sb); humiliate 烦扰（某人）; 侮辱
*It galled him to have to ask for a loan. 他得向人借贷,觉得甚为苦恼. galling adj [usu pred 通常作表语] annoying; humiliating 烦恼; 羞辱
*It was galling to have to apologize to a man she detested. 最为难堪的是她得向她讨厌的那个男的道歉.

/gɔ:l; ˇɔl/
n unnatural growth on a tree produced by insects 虫瘿（树木受虫害而形成的畸形瘤状物）. Cf 参看 oak-apple (oak).

abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or galls 复数或不变或作 galls) gallon(s)
*petrol at 175p (ie pence) per gall 汽油每加仑175便士.