/gʌm; ˇʌm/
n (usu pl 通常作复数) firm pink flesh at the base of the teeth 齿龈; 牙龈; 牙床
*The dog bared its gums at me. 狗呲着牙冲我叫. =>illus at tooth 见tooth插图.

/gʌm; ˇʌm/
n
1 [U]
(a) sticky substance which oozes from certain trees, used for making glue 树胶; 树脂.
(b) glue used for sticking light things (eg paper) together 胶（用以粘轻的东西, 如纸）.
2 [U] = chewing-gum (chew).
3 (also `gum-drop) [C] transparent sweet made of a firm jelly-like substance 透明软糖
*fruit gums 水果软糖.
4 [C] = gum-tree.

v (-mm-)
1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A to/onto B; ~ A and B together; ~sth (down) spread gum on the surface of sth; stick (one thing to another) with gum 在（某物表面）上涂胶; 用胶粘（一物于另一物）
*gum (the edges of) a piece of paper 往一页纸（的边）上涂胶
* gum down the flap of an envelope 用胶粘住信封的盖口
* gum paper to/onto card 把纸粘在厚纸板上
* Cut out two pieces of cardboard and gum them together. 割两块硬纸板, 再把它们粘在一起.
2 (idm 习语) gum up the `works (infml 口) make a machine or system unable to operate 使机器不能开动; 使制度不能实行; 弄坏; 搞乱.
3 (phr v) gum sth up fill sth with a sticky substance and stop it moving 将某物粘牢.

/gʌm; ˇʌm/
n [U] (Brit infml euph 口, 婉) (used in oaths, etc, esp in N England 用于誓语、咒语等中, 尤用于北英格兰) God 上帝
*By gum! 我向上帝发誓!

Pachgum is a binder used in watercolor paints.