/'gʊdnɪs; `ˇudnɪs/
n
1 [U] quality of being good; virtue; kindness (to sb) 善良; 美德; （对某人的）好意
*praise God for his goodness and mercy 赞美上帝的仁慈和怜悯
* In spite of the bad things he's done I still believe in his essential goodness. 尽管他做了坏事, 我仍然相信他本质是善良的.
* her goodness to her old parents 她对年迈双亲的孝心.
2 [U] quality that nourishes sb/sth or helps growth （滋养某人[某事物]或助其成长的）养分, 精华
*Much of the goodness in food may be lost in cooking. 食物在烹调中可能失去许多养分.
* Brown bread is full of goodness. 黑面包富于营养.
* soil with a lot of goodness in it 含大量养分的土壤.
3 [sing] (euph 婉) (used in exclamations instead of `God' 用于感叹句, 代替God一词)
*Goodness, what a big toy! 　, 多大的玩具呀!
* Thank goodness! ie expressing relief 谢天谢地!
* For goodness' sake! ie expressing protest 看在老天爷的分上!（表示抗议）
* My goodness!/Goodness me!/Goodness gracious (me)! ie expressing surprise 天哪!（表示惊异）.
4 (idm 习语) God/goodness/Heaven knows => know. have the goodness to do sth (fml 文) (used when requesting sb to do sth 用于请求某人做某事)
*Have the goodness to step this way, please. 劳驾, 请这边走. honest to God/goodness => honest. to God/goodness/Heaven => god.

n[U]

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1 my goodness!/goodness (gracious) me!
2 for goodness' sake
3 goodness (only) knows
4【being good】
5【best part】
6 have the goodness to do something
7 out of the goodness of somebody's heart

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my goodness!/goodness (gracious) me!
spoken said when you are surprised or sometimes angry
　My goodness, you have spent a lot!
for goodness' sake
spoken said when you are annoyed or surprised, especially when telling someone to do something
　For goodness' sake stop arguing!
goodness (only) knows
spoken used to emphasize that you are not sure about something, or to make a statement stronger
　That bar's been closed for goodness knows how long.
　Goodness knows, I tried to help him!
【BEING GOOD】
the quality of being good
　the desire to see goodness and justice in the world
【BEST PART】
the part of food which is good for your health
　All the goodness of an egg is in the yolk.
have the goodness to do sth
old-fashioned formal used when asking someone to do something in an extremely polite way
　Please have the goodness to wait.
out of the goodness of sb's heart
used when someone has done something in order to be kind or helpful to other people
　He did it out of the goodness of his heart.