/ə'fend; ə`fɛnd/
v
1 (a) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] cause (sb) to feel upset or angry; hurt the feelings of 触怒, 冒犯（某人）; 伤（某人）的感情
*She was offended at/by his sexist remarks. 他那些性别歧视的话把她惹恼了.
* She may be offended if you don't reply to her invitation. 她请你, 你要是不回个信儿就可能把她得罪了.
(b) [Tn] cause displeasure or annoyance to (sb/sth) 使（某人）不快, 恼怒; 使（某物）不适
*sounds that offend the ear 刺耳的声音
* an ugly building that offends the eye 一座难看的建筑物.
2 [Ipr] ~ against sb/sth (fml 文) do wrong to sb/sth; commit an offence against sb/sth 触犯、冒犯或得罪某人; 触犯、侵犯或违犯某事物:offend against humanity 违反人性
* His conduct offended against the rules of decent behaviour. 他的行为已经离格儿了.

v
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French;Origin: offendre, from Latin offendere 'to strike against, offend']
[I and T]
to make someone angry or upset by doing or saying something that they think is rude, unkind etc
　His remarks deeply offended many Scottish people.
be offended by/at sth
　Liddy was offended by such a personal question.
　The careful language is designed not to offend.
[T]
to seem bad or unacceptable to someone
　A solution must be found that doesn't offend too many people.
　Some of these new buildings really offend the eye (=look very ugly) .
[I]formal
to commit a crime or crimes
　Many of the young men here are likely to offend again.
[I and T]formal
to be against people's feelings of what is morally acceptable
offend against
　Broadcasters have a responsibility not to offend against good taste and decency.