/skrætʃ; skrætʃ/
v
1 (a) I, Ipr, Tn] make marks on or in (a surface) with a sharp tool, nails, claws, etc; make a shallow wound in (the skin) in this way 刮, 划, 抓（物体表面或皮肤）（呈现伤或痕）
*That cat scratches. 那只猫爱用爪子乱抓.
* The dog is scratching at the door. 狗正在抓门.
* The knife has scratched the table. 刀子把桌子划出了道子.
* She won't scratch you. 她不会把你抓伤的.
(b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] make (sth) by scratching 抓、划或刮等而成（某状态）
*scratch a line on a surface 在物体表面划出一条线
* scratch (out) a hole in the soil 在土里挖（出）一个洞
* He'd scratched his name in the bark of the tree. 他把名字刻在树皮上了.2 [I, Tn] scrape or rub (the skin), esp with the nails to relieve itching 挠或擦（皮肤）; （尤指）搔痒
*Stop scratching (yourself). 别再搔痒了.
* Scratching the rash will make it worse. 丘疹越挠越坏.
3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (on sth) get (oneself or a part of the body) scratched by accident 使（自己或身体某部）意外划伤
*She scratched herself badly while pruning the roses. 她修剪玫瑰花时把自己划伤了一大片.
* He's scratched his hand on a nail. 他的手让钉子刮破了.
4 [I] make an unpleasant scraping sound 发出刮或擦的声音
*My pen scratches. 我的钢笔在写字时发出刮纸声.
5 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) withdraw (sb/sth) from competing in a race, competition, etc （使自己[某物]）退出比赛
*I had to scratch (from the marathon) because of a bad cold. 我患了重感冒, 只好退出马拉松比赛.
* The horse had to be scratched (from its first race). 只好把那匹马撤出了（第一场比赛）.
6 (idm 习语) scratch one's `head think hard in a puzzled way about what to do or say 挠头; 伤脑筋; 费思量
*We've been scratching our heads for a solution to the problem. 我们一直苦苦思索, 想找到解决这一问题的方法. scratch the `surface (of sth) treat a subject or deal with a problem without being thorough 对待或处理一问题不深入彻底
*This essay is so short that it can only scratch the surface of the topic. 这篇文章很短, 只能对这一问题作肤浅的探讨.
* The famine is so bad, aid can only scratch the surface. 饥荒十分严重, 援助也只是杯水车薪. ,you scratch `my back and ,I'll scratch `yours (saying 谚) you help me and I'll help you, esp in an unfair way 你给我搔背, 我也给你搔背（你帮我, 我也帮你, 尤指不正当的事）
*The contract went to a friend of the chief accountant
*it's (a case of) you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours. 承包合同批给了总会计师的朋友, （可谓）各有好处、串通一气.
7 (phr v) scratch about (for sth) search here and there using sth sharp, one's nails etc （用尖物、指甲等）各处抓挠寻找
*The monkey scratched about in its mate's fur for fleas. 那只猴子在另一只猴子身上找跳蚤. scratch sth away, off, etc remove sth by scratching 刮去某物
*scratch the paint away from the lock 把锁头上的油漆刮掉.
* scratch the rust off the wheel 把轮子上的锈刮掉
* I'll scratch your eyes out! 我要把你的眼睛挖出来! scratch sth out (of sth) erase sth by scratching with sth sharp 用尖物划掉某物
*Her name had been scratched out of the list. 她的名字已从名单上划掉了. scratch sth together/up = scrape sth together/up (scrape1). scratch sth up get sth out of the ground by scratching 从地上刮出某物
*The dog scratched up a bone in the garden. 那条狗在花园里刨出一根骨头.

/skrætʃ; skrætʃ/
n
1 [C] mark, cut, injury or sound made by scratching (scratch1 1a) 刮、划、抓等的痕、伤或声音
*scratches on old records 旧唱片发出的沙沙声
* Her hands were covered with scratches from thethorns. 她手上有很多棘刺划的伤痕.
* It's only a scratch,ie a very slight injury. 那只是一点擦伤.
* He escaped without a scratch, ie completely unhurt. 他安全逃脱了.
2 [sing] act or period of scratching (scratch1 2) 挠; 搔; 搔痒
*The dog gave itself a good scratch. 那条狗使劲地搔痒一番.
3 (a) [C] line from which competitors start in a race when they receive no handicap （无让步条件的）起跑线.
(b) [U] status of a player who receives no handicap 无让步条件的参赛者的资格或身分
*play to scratch, ie without any handicap 平权比赛
* [attrib 作定语] a scratch player, golfer, etc 无让步条件比赛的参加者、高尔夫球员等.
4 (idm 习语) (start sth) from `scratch (begin sth) at the beginning, not using any work that was done before 从没有任何基础开始; 从零开始
*There were so many spelling mistakes, I had to write the letter out again from scratch. 这封信的拼写错误太多, 我得重写一遍. (be/come) up to `scratch; (bring sb/sth) up to `scratch as good as sb/sth should be; satisfactory （使某人[某事物]）合格; 令人满意
*Is her schoolwork up to scratch? 她的功课行吗?
* We'll have to bring the house up to scratch before we sell it. 我们得把这所房子维修一下再出售.

adj [attrib 作定语] made up with whatever people or materials are available 用现有的人或材料拼凑的
*a scratch meal, team, crew 现凑成的饭菜、队、工作人员. scratchy adj (-ier, -iest)
1 making the skin feel itchy or irritated 使皮肤发痒的; 刺激皮肤的
*scratchy clothes, wool, etc 使皮肤发痒的衣物、毛织品等.
2 (of a record) making clicks and hisses when played because of scratches on its surface （指唱片）发沙沙声的.
3 (of a pen) making a scratching sound （指钢笔）发刮纸声的.
4 (of writing or drawings) untidy or carelessly done （指文字或图画）潦草的.