/pʊl; pul/
n
1 [C] ~ (at/on sth) act of pulling; tug 拉; 拖; 扯; 拽; 牵
*A pull on the rope will make the bell ring. 一拉绳子钟就响.
* I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我的袖子, 便转过身来.
2 [sing] the ~ of sth
(a) physical force or magnetic attraction found in nature （自然界的）力, 磁力, 引力
*The tides depend on the pull of the moon. 潮汐是月亮引力作用的结果.
* the pull of the current carrying us downstream 使我们顺流而下的冲力.
(b) (fig 比喻) force that influences a person's behaviour, career, etc （对人的行为、事业等的）影响（力）, 吸引（力）
*the pull of the wandering life 漫游生活之令人神往
* He felt the pull of the sea again. 他又感到了海上生活的吸引力.
3 [U] (infml 口) influence over other people （对他人的）影响（力）
*He has a lot of pull with the managing director. 他对总经理有很大的影响力.
4 [C] ~ (at sth)
(a) action of drinking deeply 大口喝
*take a pull at a bottle 从瓶中喝一大口.
(b) action of inhaling smoke from a cigarette, pipe, etc 吸, 抽（香烟、烟斗等）
*She took a long pull at her cigarette. 她深深地吸了一口烟.
5 [sing] prolonged effort (in walking, rowing etc) （行走、划船等）持续的努力
*It was a hard pull up to the mountain hut. 费了很大力气才到达山上的小屋.
* It was a long pull to the shore. 费了半天劲才划到岸边.
6 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) handle for pulling sth 拉手; 拉线; 拉环
*a bell-pull.
7 [C] (in printing) single impression; proof （印刷）样张, 校样.
8 [C] (in cricket or golf) type of stroke （板球或高尔夫球的）一种击球方式. Cf 参看 pull2 11.

/pʊl; pul/
v
1 (a) [I] use force on sth in order tomove it towards oneself 拉; 拖; 扯; 拽; 牵
*In a tug-of-war,the competitors pull as hard as they can. 在拔河比赛中, 双方队员都拼命地拉.
* You push and I'll pull. 你来推, 我来拉.
(b) [Tn] use this force on (sth); tug 拉, 拖, 扯, 拽（某物）
*Fred pulled his sister's hair and made her cry. 弗雷德揪他妹妹的头发, 把她弄哭了.
* He pulled my ears/me by the ears. 他扯我的耳朵.
* pull (ie draw) the blinds/curtains 拉窗帘[帘子].
(c) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] cause (sth) to move (in a specified direction) by using this force; draw sth 拖拉（某物）; 牵引某物
*How many coaches can that locomotive pull? 那个火车头能拉多少节车厢?
* Would you rather push the barrow or pull it? 这辆小车你愿意推呢, 还是愿意拉呢?
* The horse was pulling a heavy cart (up a steep slope). 马拉着一辆沉重的车子（走上陡坡）.
* Pull your chair up to/nearer to the table. 把你的椅子拉到桌子跟前来.
* Pull the plug out. 把塞子拔掉.
* The child was pulling the toy along behind her. 那小女孩拖着玩具走.
* pull the door shut/to 带上门
* pull off/on one's shoes, socks, etc 脱掉[穿上]鞋、袜子等. =>Usage 见所附用法.
2 [Tn]
(a) remove (sth) by using force; draw sth out 使用拉力移动（某物）; 拔出、抽出某物
*pull a cork, tooth, stopper 拔软木塞、牙、塞子
* pull a gun (on sb), ie from a pocket, holster, etc （从衣袋、枪套等中）掏出枪（对付某人）
* pull (a pint of beer), ie draw it out from a barrel （从桶中）汲取（一品脱啤酒）
* She spent the afternoon pulling weeds in the garden. 她一下午都在花园里拔草.
* pull a chicken, ie remove its innards before cooking it 掏出鸡的内脏（以备烹调）.
(b) damage (sth) by using too much force; strain or tear 拉伤（某物）; 扭伤; 扯伤
*pull a ligament/muscle/tendon 扭伤韧带[肌肉/腱].
3 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for sth) (cause a boat to) move through the water by the action of oars 划（船）
*They pulled hard and reached the shore quickly. 他们用力划船, 很快就到了岸边.
* Pull for shore! 向岸边划!
* They pulled (the boat) to the shore. 他们（把船）划向岸边.
4 [Ipr] ~ at/on sth
(a) give a tug on sth 拉某物一下
*pull at/on a rope 拉一下绳子.
(b) draw or suck sth 抽或吸某物
*pull at/on a pipe, ie draw breath and smoke through a tobacco pipe 吸烟斗
* pull at (ie have a drink from) a bottle 从瓶中喝.
5 [Tn] move (a switch, lever, etc) in order to operate a mechanism 扳动（开关、手柄等）以操纵机械
*pull the trigger, ie fire a gun 扣扳机（开枪）.
6 [Tn] (sl 俚) attract (sb) sexually （在性方面）吸引（某人）
*He can still pull the girls. 他还能吸引女性.
7 [Tn] (sl 俚 esp US) succeed in committing (a crime, esp stealing) or in playing a (trick) on sb 犯下（罪行, 尤指盗窃）; 对某人耍（花招）
*They pulled a bank (job). 他们抢了银行.
* He's pulling some sort of trick. 他不定在耍什么花招.
8 [I] (of a horse) struggle against the bit, esp habitually （指马）甩嚼子（尤指习惯地）.
9 [I, Tn] (cause a vehicle to) move sideways; veer or steer (sth) （使机动车）打斜; 使（某物）转向; 操纵（某物）
*The car seems to be pulling to the left. 那汽车似乎在向左偏.
* She pulled the van to the left to avoid a dog. 她把客货车向左一闪以免轧着狗.
10 [Tn]
(a) hold back (a horse) in a race in order to avoid winning （赛马中存心要输）控制（马）（放慢）.
(b) (in boxing) hold back a blow in order to avoid hurting sb （拳击中为避免伤着对方）收住拳.
11 [Tn]
(a) (in golf) hit (the ball) wrongly to the left （高尔夫球）击（球）误向左偏. Cf 参看 slice 4.
(b) (in cricket) strike (the ball) forward and to the left of the wicket by striking across the ball's path （板球）击（球）向前至三柱门的左方.
12 (idm 习语) bring/pull sb up `short/`sharply make sb stop suddenly 使某人突然停止
*Her remark pulled me up short. 我听到她的话後一下子愣住了. make/pull `faces/a `face => face1. pick/pull sb/sth to pieces => piece1. pull the ,carpet/,rug (out) from under sb's `feet (infml 口) take the help or support away from sb suddenly 突然停止对某人的援助或支持
*His mother pulled the carpet from under his feet by announcing that she was selling the house. 他母亲说要把那所房子卖了, 他顿时感到失去了依靠. pull a `fast one (on sb) (infml 口) gain an advantage (over sb) by a trick; deceive （对某人）耍手段占便宜; 蒙骗. pull sb's `leg (infml 口) make fun of sb, esp by making him believe sth that is untrue; tease sb 开某人的玩笑（尤指使其信以为真）; 耍弄某人. pull the `other one ( it's got `bells on) (infml 口) (expression used when one believes that the person one is talking to is pulling one's leg 认为对方在耍弄自己时的用语). pull out all the `stops (infml 口) use all one's power or resources in order to achieve sth 竭尽全力; 全力以赴
*The airline pulled out all the stops to get him there in time. 航空部门已想尽一切办法好让他及时赶到那里. pull the `plug on sb/sth (sl 俚) destroy sb/sth 毁掉某人[某事物]. pull one's `punches (usu negative 通常用于否定式) (infml 口) attack (sb) less vigorously than one is able to 不全力攻击（某人）（留有余地）
*He certainly didn't pull any punches when it came to criticizing the work. 他批评这项工作时可绝不留情. pull `rank (on sb) make use of one's place or status in society or at work to gain advantages (over sb) to which one is not really entitled 利用地位权势占（某人）便宜. pull one's `socks up (infml 口) try harder or improve one's behaviour 多加把劲; 努力改进
*The class were told that there would be no outing unless they pulled their socks up. 已告诉这班的学生, 要是他们不努力, 就不能去游玩. pull `strings/`wires (for sb) (infml 口) use influential friends, indirect pressure, etc in order to obtain an advantage (for sb) 凭藉私人关系、间接压力等（为某人）谋取好处; 走後门
*My father pulled a few strings to get me into the Civil Service. 我父亲凭藉一些私人关系把我弄到政府机关任职. pull the `strings/`wires control events or the actions of other people 幕後操纵或牵线. pull oneself up by one's (own) `bootstraps (infml 口) try to improve one's position by one's own unaided efforts 依靠自己的努力改善处境; 自力更生. pull up one's `roots move from a settled home, job, etc to start a new life elsewhere 离开家、工作等另创新生活; 迁居; 改行. pull one's `weight do one's fair share in a job, project, etc 尽本分
*We can succeed only if everyone in the team pulls his weight. 我们全队只有人人各尽所能才能取得成功. pull the `wool over sb's eyes (infml 口) hide one's real actions or intentions from sb; deceive 对某人隐瞒真实举动或意图; 掩人耳目
*It's no use trying to pull the wool over my eyes I know exactly what`s going on. 要想瞒我是多此一举的--我对所发生的事一清二楚.
13 (phr v) pull ahead (of sb/sth) move in front (of sb/sth) 领先（于某人[某事物]）
*The car pulled ahead as soon as the road was clear. 路上稍一有空, 那辆汽车就抢到前面去了.
* The team has pulled well ahead of the rest in the championship. 这个队在锦标赛中遥遥领先于其他各队.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法
*Pull, drag, haul, tow, trail and draw all indicate the using of strength or force to move something, especially behind oneself. *pull、drag、haul、tow、trail、draw均指用力移动某物, 尤指物在人後. Pull has the widest use and its meaning covers that of all the other verbs in this group. *pull用途最广, 兼有这一组中所有其他动词的意义. A vehicle/animal/person can pull any movable object 车辆[动物/人]拉动任何可移动的物体均可使用pull
*You sometimes see oxen pulling carts in southern Europe. 在南欧, 有时可看到用牛拉车. Drag and haul suggest that the object is heavy and usually pulled along the ground. *drag和haul指所拉者为重物, 通常为在地面上移动. It is therefore difficult to move and requires (great) effort. 因较困难, 故需用（极大之）力. Drag suggests greater friction *drag暗指具较大摩擦力
*He dragged the heavy chest across the floor. 他在地板上拉着沉重的箱子.
* The police dragged the football fans off the pitch. 警察把足球迷拖出了球场. Haul often indicates the pulling or raising of a heavy object, especially by pulling on a rope *haul常表示拖拉或提升重物, 尤指使用绳索
*After a good day's fishing they hauled in the nets and went home. 他们捕了一天的鱼, 收起鱼网满载而归.
* Elephants are used in some countries for hauling timber. 有的国家用大象来拖运木材. Haul also has the specific meaning of `transport goods by lorry/truck' *haul还另有一种含义, 指用卡车运送货物
*road haulage 公路运输. Tow suggests less effort and is used mainly of vehicles. *tow含不甚费力之意, 主要指车辆. The object being pulled is often damaged and firmly attached to the vehicle by a rope or chain 用此字指所牵引之物常为坏的, 以绳索或链条与车辆固着在一起
*My car broke down and had to be towed to a garage. 我的汽车出故障了, 得拉到修理厂去.
* The ship needed two tugs to tow it into port. 这艘船需用两艘拖船把它拖进港. People trail objects behind them, carelessly or for no particular reason. 漫不经心地或无所谓地把物体拖在後面用trail. *They may also trail their arms or hands in the water when travelling in a boat 船在航行时把胳膊或手伸进水中, 亦可用trail
*The little boy went upstairs trailing his teddy bear behind him. 那小男孩儿走上楼去, 还拖着他的玩具熊.
* She lay back in the boat trailing her fingers in the water. 她仰靠在船上, 把手指伸进水里. Draw is more formal than pull *draw比pull较文些
*Draw/Pull your chair a little closer. 把你的椅子拉近一点.
* The men drew/pulled the boat onto the beach. 那些人把船拖上了海滩. Draw is commonly used to mean `open/close curtains/blinds'. *draw常用以指｀拉开[拉上]帘子[窗帘]＇. It is also used in adjectival compounds 这一词还可用以构成复合形容词
*a horse-drawn carriage 马拉的车子.

A pull is a force that acts in the direction of the origin of the force.