/'rendə(r); `rɛndɚ/
v (fml 文)
1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sth); ~ sth (to sb) give sth in return or exchange, or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换; 回报; 归还
*render homage, obedience, allegiance, etc 表示敬意、顺从、效忠等
* a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金
* render good for evil 以德报怨
* render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱
* render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务
* render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助
* render thanks to God 感谢上帝.
2 [Tn] present or send in (an account) for payment 递交或开出（帐单）
*account rendered
50 开出50英镑的帐单.
3 [Cn.a] cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition 使（某人[某事物]）处于某种状况
*rendered helpless by an accident 因出事故而束手无策
* Your action has rendered our contract invalid. 你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失效.
4 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] give a performance of (music, a play, a character, etc); give a portrayal of (sb/sth) in painting, etc 演奏（音乐）; 演出（戏剧）; 扮演（角色）; 以绘画等表现（某人[某物]）
*The piano solo was well rendered. 那支钢琴独奏曲弹得真好.
* `Othello' was rendered rather poorly. 《奥赛罗》这出戏演得不好.
* The artist had rendered her gentle smile perfectly. 该艺术家把她那温柔的笑容表现得惟妙惟肖.
5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) express sth in another language; translate sth 翻译某事物
*How would you render `bon voyage' (into English)? bon voyage怎样翻译（成英语）?
* Rendering poetry into other languages is difficult. 翻译诗歌是很困难的.
6 [Tn] cover (stone or brick) with a first layer of plaster 在（石或砖）上抹灰泥打底
*render walls 在墙上抹底灰.
7 (idm 习语) render an account of oneself, one's behaviour, etc (fml 文) explain or justify what one has said, done, etc 为自己的言行等作解释或辩护.
8 (phr v) render sth down make (eg fat, lard) liquid by heating it; melt sth down 将（脂肪、猪油等）熬成油; 熔化某物. render sth up (fml 文) hand over or surrender sth; yield sth 移交或交出某物; 放弃某事物
*render up a fort, town, etc to the enemy 放弃要塞、城市等被敌人占领
* (fig 比喻) He rendered up his soul to God, ie died. 他魂归天国了.

v [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French;Origin: rendre 'to give back', from Latin reddere]
to cause someone or something to be in a particular condition
render sb/sth impossible/harmless/unconscious etc
　He was rendered almost speechless by the news.
　The blow to his head was strong enough to render him unconscious.
formal to give something to someone or do something, because it is your duty or because someone expects you to
　an obligation to render assistance to those in need
render a decision/opinion/judgment etc
　It is unlikely that the court will render an opinion before November 5.
　a bill of $3200 for services rendered (=for something you have done)
to express or present something in a particular way
render sth as sth
　She made a sound that in print is rendered as 'harrumph.'
render sth sth
　Infrared film renders blue skies a deep black.
render sth in sth
　a sculpture rendered in bronze
render sth into English/Russian/Chinese etc
formal to translate something into English, Russian etc
technical to spread plaster or cement on the surface of a wall
　a brick wall that has been rendered and whitewashed
to melt the fat of an animal as you cook it
　Steam the goose to render some of the fat.